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Markets Bitcoin just hit $100,000 The top cryptocurrency's extraordinary journey started at zero in 2009, reached $1 in 2011, and has now crossed the $100,000 mark


 The District of Columbia sued Amazon on Wednesday, alleging the company secretly stopped providing its fastest delivery service to residents of two predominantly Black neighborhoods while still charging millions of dollars for a membership that promises the benefit.

The complaint filed in the District of Columbia Superior Court revolves around Amazon’s Prime membership, which costs consumers $139 per year or $14.99 per month for fast deliveries — including one-day, two-day, and same-day shipments — along with other enhancements.

In mid-2022, the lawsuit alleges, the Seattle-based online retailer imposed what it called a delivery “exclusion” on two low-income ZIP codes in the district — 20019 and 20020 — and began relying exclusively on third-party delivery services such as UPS and the U.S. Postal Service, rather than its own delivery systems.

Amazon says it made the change based on concerns about driver safety.

“There have been specific and targeted acts against drivers delivering Amazon packages” in the two ZIP codes and the company made the change to “put the safety of delivery drivers first,” Amazon spokesperson Kelly Nantel said in a prepared statement.

“We made the deliberate choice to adjust our operations, including delivery routes and times, for the sole reason of protecting the safety of drivers,” Nantel said. “The claims made by the attorney general, that our business practices are somehow discriminatory or deceptive, are categorically false.”

The District of Columbia’s attorney general’s office alleged the company never told Prime members in the two ZIP codes about the change even though they experienced slower deliveries as a result. Amazon also did not tell new customers about the exclusions when they signed up for Prime memberships, the lawsuit says.

“Amazon is charging tens of thousands of hard-working Ward 7 and 8 residents for an expedited delivery service it promises but does not provide,” District of Columbia Attorney General Brian Schwalb said in a statement, referencing the two areas in the city where Amazon is accused of excluding its speediest deliveries.

“While Amazon has every right to make operational changes, it cannot covertly decide that a dollar in one ZIP code is worth less than a dollar in another,” Schwalb said.

The lawsuit says Amazon has nearly 50,000 Prime members who live in the two ZIP codes, a number that represents nearly half of the population. Prime members in those neighborhoods have ordered more than 4.5 million packages in the past four years, and are more likely to rely on Amazon since they have fewer services and retail stores nearby, the city said. The area is also a notorious food desert.

The district says that in 2021, before Amazon implemented its delivery “exclusion,” more than 72% of Prime packages in the impacted ZIP codes were delivered within two days. But last year, it was only 24%, according to the complaint.

Meanwhile, the district’s lawsuit says Prime members who lived in other parts of the city received two-day deliveries 75% of the time. Amazon was also improving its delivery speeds nationwide.

When some customers in the city complained about the slower deliveries, Amazon concealed the true reason for the delays and “deceptively implied” that the delays “were simply due to natural fluctuations in shipping circumstances, rather than an affirmative decision by Amazon,” the lawsuit says.

District officials are asking the court to issue an order prohibiting Amazon from “engaging in unfair or deceptive practices.” They also want the company to pay restitution or damages to affected Prime members, as well as civil penalties.

This isn’t the first time Amazon has been accused of offering slower deliveries to some places where Black people make up most of the households.

In 2016, American news outlet Bloomberg published an investigation that said Black residents of cities like Atlanta and Chicago were about half as likely as white residents to live in neighborhoods with access to Amazon’s same-day delivery service.

Local news website DCist reported a year later that Amazon’s restaurant delivery service - which the company shut down five years ago - had excluded some neighborhoods in Washington, including one of the ZIP codes mentioned in the district’s lawsuit.

Nantel said Amazon is “always transparent” with its customers “during the shopping journey and checkout process about when, exactly, they can expect their orders to arrive.”

Since 2022, nearly 1.5 million Prime-eligible products were delivered in two days or less to Prime customers residing in the two ZIP codes, the company said.

“What we’d like to do, and have offered, is to work together with the attorney general and their office to reduce crime and improve safety in these areas,” Nantel said. “Nevertheless, we will proceed in the process and demonstrate that providing fast and accurate delivery times and prioritizing the safety of customers and delivery partners are not mutually exclusive.”

The complaint filed Wednesday represents the second major legal battle between Amazon and the District of Columbia which also filed an antitrust lawsuit against the company.

One Bitcoin is now worth $100,000—a monumental achievement for the cryptocurrency industry. The leading cryptocurrency hit an all-time high of $101,250 on the night of Wednesday, December 4, as investors continue to pour money into the spot Bitcoin ETFs. According to Farside, Bitcoin ETFs saw net inflows of $676 million on December 3, highlighting renewed investor interest in the cryptocurrency market.

From its humble beginnings in 2009 to just $1 in 2011 and to this groundbreaking milestone in 2024, Bitcoin’s journey is a testament to the disruptive power of innovation.

In just 12 years, Bitcoin has evolved from an experimental digital currency to a multifaceted financial phenomenon. It has established itself as an alternative to traditional fiat currencies like the dollar, a financial asset rivaling stocks, and a store of value comparable in some ways to gold. Beyond its own success, Bitcoin has been the cornerstone of a rapidly expanding cryptocurrency ecosystem.

This ascent has catalyzed the rise of decentralized finance (DeFi), popularized blockchain technology, and sparked numerous developments within the health and education sectors that are reshaping industries well beyond finance. Bitcoin’s $100,000 milestone is not just a triumph for the crypto community—it’s a moment that underscores the profound impact of this digital revolution on the global economy.

The growth alone this year was 120%

Had someone invested $1,000 as recently as January 2024, they would have witnessed a 120% growth in their investment this year alone. This scenario highlights the explosive potential of the cryptocurrency market in 2024, rewarding those who invested early.

Moreover, if someone had invested $1,000 in Bitcoin in early 2020, during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, they would have witnessed an astonishing 1,220% growth over these years. This price surge occurred during a period of unprecedented market volatility.

And, if someone had invested $1,000 in Bitcoin back in 2013, they would have experienced an astonishing growth of 146,714%, turning their investment into over $1.4 million—precisely $1,468,140—today.

This incredible growth reflects not only the resilience of the financial markets but also the immense opportunities that can arise, even in times of global uncertainty. It serves as a powerful reminder of how strategic investments can thrive, even amid challenging circumstances, and how crypto has emerged as a widely known alternative to traditional investments like stocks, bonds, and real estate.

President-elect Donald Trump nominated Gail Slater to lead the antitrust division of the Department of Justice.

In an announcement posted on Truth Social Wednesday, Trump said that the pick will help ensure that “competition laws are enforced, both vigorously and FAIRLY, with clear rules that facilitate, rather than stifle, the ingenuity of our greatest companies.”

“Big Tech has run wild for years, stifling competition in our most innovative sector and, as we all know, using its market power to crack down on the rights of so many Americans, as well as those of Little Tech,” Trump said.

While Trump has promised to cut red tape in several sectors, including banking and housing, he hasn’t shied away from criticizing the market dominance of major players within the technology sector. During his first term, he brought several lawsuits against tech firms — and with Slater, it appears Trump is hoping to continue to crack down on the industry.

During Trump’s first term, Slater served as the tech policy adviser on the National Economic Council. She currently advises the transition team on antitrust and tech policy and is the economic policy adviser to Vice President-elect JD Vance.

While the Trump administration is widely expected to be friendlier to mergers and acquisitions, it remains to be seen how lenient — if at all — his Justice Department will be when it comes to antitrust, considering that Trump has focused on encouraging innovation and technological advancement within the U.S.

That’s especially noteworthy given that there are several high-profile, ongoing cases that Trump’s Justice Department will have a say over in the coming years that could reshape the business landscape in the country.

In March, the Justice Department sued Apple (AAPL+0.13%) over what it claims is an illegal monopoly over the U.S. smartphone market. The DOJ has argued that Apple makes it prohibitively difficult for iPhone users to switch to other smartphones, stifling innovation within the market.

Late last month, Apple filed a motion to keep the case out of court, countering that the case is speculative and doesn’t prove that the company has maintained an illegal monopoly over the smartphone market.

Google (GOOGL+1.75%) also came under antitrust scrutiny, appearing in two major court cases over its dominance of the online search engine and advertising markets.

In August, Google lost the biggest antitrust trial in decades after a federal judge ruled that Google monopolized the online search engine market. The Justice Department said that it wants Google to sell off its Chrome web browser as a way to loosen the company’s grip on the search engine market.

Google and the DOJ made their final arguments in the trial focusing on the company’s ad tech stack on Nov. 25, with the federal judge expected to issue a ruling on the case by the end of the year.

Outside of the tech sector, Visa (V-1.06%) is expected to head to trial next year over a DOJ lawsuit accusing the card issuer of monopolizing debit markets. The suit alleges that Visa used its dominance to stifle the growth of existing competitors and prevent other firms from developing alternatives. More than 60% of debit transactions in the U.S. use Visa’s debit network, according to the complaint.

Also on Wednesday, Trump tapped Paul Atkins, a cryptocurrency advocate, as the next chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Atkins, who now leads the consulting firm Patomak Global Partners, is expected to be much friendlier to cryptocurrency interests than President Joe Biden’s SEC Chairman, Gary Gensler. Last month, Gensler — who has been maligned by the crypto lobby — said he would resign during Trump’s inauguration ceremony.

Chipotle (CMG+4.82%) fans, brace yourselves: Burritos, bowls, and chips are about to cost more. The company is raising prices by 2% nationwide to offset rising costs.

“For the first time in over a year, we have taken a modest price increase to offset inflation,” Laurie Schalow, Chipotle’s chief corporate affairs officer, confirmed to Quartz in an email.

Despite the price hike, Chipotle has remained resilient, even after raising prices four times over the past two years. At the time, the fast casual giant pointed to California’s minimum wage hike as a key factor. As CFO Jack Hartung pointed out during the company’s March earnings call, the company knew it would need to implement “significant price increases” to manage the roughly 25% rise in wages. Other chains, like McDonald’s (MCD+0.24%), have said they would follow a similar strategy.

However, the price bump comes at a tricky time for the chain. In November, the company found itself in the middle of a class action lawsuit from shareholders, who allege Chipotle had misled investors by failing to address inconsistent portion sizes. According to the suit, these inconsistencies led to higher costs and a steep drop in stock value.

Internet outcry over smaller portions began earlier this summer when former CEO Brian Niccol publicly acknowledged that portion sizes had become a problem. Customers weren’t happy, and as the company worked to fix the issue, costs continued to climb.

Even so, the chain has pushed forward. Despite the backlash, Chipotle is seeing strong sales in staple menu items like Al Pastor chicken and Braised Beef Barbacoa. In September, the company introduced two robots to improve service and to meet growing demand. The new tech appears to be paying off, with visits up, according to foot traffic analytics firm Placer.ai. At the California location using the avocado-cutting robot “Autocado,” nearly 44% of visits lasted 10 minutes or less, the firm noted.

Chair Jerome Powell said Wednesday that the Federal Reserve’s ability to set interest rates free of political interference is necessary for it to make decisions to serve “all Americans” rather than a political party or political outcome.

Speaking at the New York Times’ DealBook summit, Powell addressed a question about President-elect Donald Trump’s numerous public criticisms of the Fed and of Powell himself. During the election campaign, Trump had insisted that as president, he should have a “say” in the Fed’s interest rate policies.

In his remarks Wednesday, Powell said, “We’re supposed to achieve maximum employment and price stability for the benefit of all Americans and keep out of politics completely.”

Despite Trump’s comments, the Fed chair said he was confident of widespread support in Congress for maintaining the central bank’s independence.

“I’m not concerned,” he said, “that there’s some risk that that we would lose our statutory independence. “There’s very, very broad support for that set of ideas in Congress, in both political parties, on both sides of the Hill.”

On the topic of interest rates, Powell said the Fed can afford to cut its benchmark rate cautiously because the economy is doing better than the Fed thought it was in September when it collectively predicted four rate cuts in 2025 after three cuts in 2024.

“We’re not quite there on inflation, but we’re making progress,” Powell said. “We can afford to be a little more cautious.”

The Fed has been aiming to deliver a “soft landing” for the economy, whereby the central bank’s interest rate hikes manage to help reduce inflation to its 2% target without causing a recession. History has shown it’s a rare and difficult feat.

Yet the economy appears largely on track for such an outcome. The job market has slowed. And inflation is down sharply, though in recent months it has remained stuck modestly above the Fed’s target, which could make the policymakers reluctant to cut rates much further.

Several other Fed officials have said this week that they expect to keep reducing rates, without committing to a reduction at their next meeting later this month.

On Monday, Christopher Waller, an influential member of the Fed’s Board of Directors, said he was “leaning” toward a rate cut when the central bank meets in two weeks. Waller added, though, that if forthcoming data on inflation or hiring appears worse than the Fed expects, he might favor keeping rates unchanged.

On Tuesday, Mary Daly, president of the Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, said she supported further lowering rates, without commenting specifically on a timetable.

“Whether it’ll be in December or some time later, that’s a question we’ll have a chance to debate and discuss at our next meeting,” Daly said in an interview on Fox Business News. “But the point is, we have to keep policy moving down to accommodate the economy because we want a durable expansion with low inflation.”

Bitcoin hit a record high above $100,000 on Thursday as the election of Republican Donald Trump as U.S. president fuels expectations that his administration will usher in a friendly regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies.
The world's largest cryptocurrency was last trading at $103,225.
Since Trump's win on Nov. 5, the price has surged around 45%, driven by a swathe of buying that has poured capital into U.S. bitcoin-backed exchange-traded funds.
COMMENTS:

SHOKI OMORI, CHIEF JAPAN DESK STRATEGIST, MIZUHO SECURITIES, TOKYO

"Individual investors must be excited to see the BTC price top $100,000 following the news of Paul Atkins being nominated as SEC chair. Markets knew Gensler would be stepping down and there would be someone who is less aggressive on crypto regulations. Of course, this doesn't mean BTC will rally forever, as there will be moves to take profits.
"I think if BTC were to rally more from here, other crypto majors should catch up a bit first, such as Ethereum. Ethereum looks cheap against Bitcoin. Ripple shot up, but again we saw profit taking at $2.80. Altos look choppy. The crypto community is looking for positive headlines to take crypto prices broadly up even higher. The tailwind from the Trump trade is starting to weaken as markets have a lot of headlines already priced in."

JEFF MEI, COO AT BTSE, HONG KONG

"Bitcoin's surge past the $100,000 mark is not just a milestone; it represents a pivotal moment for the cryptocurrency industry.
"The confidence is spurred by an increasingly favorable regulatory environment in the U.S., particularly with the appointment of Paul Atkins to chair the SEC. This is likely to drive further institutional investment in the sector, giving Bitcoin more credibility and leading to a new wave of adoption.
"Looking forward, Bitcoin could reach even greater heights as more institutions begin to perceive it as a viable store of value and allocate funds to Bitcoin ETFs. I'd also expect more institutions to rotate into Ethereum ETFs, which haven't been as popular as the Bitcoin ones up until now. "

GEOFF KENDRICK, GLOBAL HEAD OF DIGITAL ASSETS RESEARCH, STANDARD CHARTERED, LONDON

"At the end of the day, it's just a number...but the reality is we've been able to get to this level because the industry has become institutionalized this year particularly - and that's mostly the ETF inflows.
"Roughly 3% of the total supply of bitcoins that will ever exist have been purchased in 2024 by institutional money."

TONY SYCAMORE, ANALYST, IG, SYDNEY

"After spending the past 12 sessions working off overbought readings and rebuilding energy, the King of Crypto has smashed its way above $100k in trading today.
"This is likely to be the catalyst for the next wave of momentum buying which takes it towards the next stop of $105k, before $120k in 2025."

KYLE RODDA, SENIOR FINANCIAL MARKET ANALYST, CAPITAL.COM, MELBOURNE

"It's a massive milestone for the true believers and possibly evidence of the asset's legitimization. If we are talking about where we go from here, there's reason to believe this thing could keep going. These end-of-year melt-ups often see Bitcoin more than double in value.
"Given the reduced regulatory risk, the continued appeal of non-fiat assets because of the perception of US fiscal profligacy, and greater geopolitical risks, there are continued tailwinds that could support prices going higher."
JUSTIN D'ANETHAN, INDEPENDENT CRYPTO ANALYST, HONG KONG:
"Bitcoin crossing $100,000 is more than just a milestone; it's a testament to shifting tides in finance, technology, and geopolitics. The figure not that long ago dismissed as fantasy stands as a reality.
"Institutional adoption is evident, as seen by the increased volume on the CME, ETFs (exchange-traded funds), and derivatives markets during U.S. hours. Essentially, funds now need to either get involved or risk standing on the sidelines while more gutsy competitors potentially outperform."
BOBBY ONG, CO-FOUNDER, COINGECKO, KUALA LUMPUR:
"Bitcoin reaching the $100,000 milestone marks a significant moment for the cryptocurrency market, reflecting its growing maturity and mainstream adoption.
"The psychological importance of $100,000 is also attracting new investors and driving market sentiment. This rally demonstrates Bitcoin’s position as a leading financial innovation, solidifying its reputation as a digital store of value and a hedge against traditional economic uncertainties.
"It also underscores the growing acceptance of cryptocurrencies as a legitimate asset class."
SHANE OLIVER, CHIEF ECONOMIST & HEAD OF INVESTMENT STRATEGY, AMP, SYDNEY:
"As time goes by it's proving itself as part of the financial landscape, slotting in more as a store of value as opposed to a regular asset you can value on the basis of things it produces, like shares.
RAY ATTRILL, HEAD OF FX RESEARCH, NAB, SYDNEY:
"It's the ultimate speculative asset, isn't it.
"I wasn't surprised ... it was probably the cleanest 'Trump trade'. Just from a regulatory point of view and the concept of a much more easily traded asset, it's justified its run-up, though it's now taken on a life of its own.
"The test will be if we do have a big puke in risk sentiment at some point, and we start to see a major stock market correction. Where does crypto sit in that? I don't know the answer."
RICHARD TENG, CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, BINANCE, DUBAI:
"Almost 16 years since its first block was mined in 2009, bitcoin has reached the landmark milestone of $100K per coin, placing the asset at a total market capitalization of $2.1 trillion.
"This also places bitcoin firmly on the very short list of just seven assets or companies that have achieved more than 2 trillion dollars in market capitalization, the rest being gold and tech giants NVIDIA, Apple, Microsoft, Alphabet (Google), and Amazon.
"With talks of a U.S. Strategic Bitcoin reserve and more companies adding bitcoin to their corporate treasuries, we are on the precipice of true mainstream global adoption."
JEAN-BAPTISTE GRAFTIEAUX, CEO, BITSTAMP, LUXEMBOURG:
"Bitcoin reaching $100,000 is a watershed moment, highlighting its resilience after a challenging few years. Despite shifts in the political and regulatory landscape, bitcoin has proven its staying power.
"This milestone reflects the growing maturity of the crypto market, as traditional financial institutions and retail customers increasingly embrace digital assets. Looking ahead, we anticipate broader integration of crypto into retail, professional and institutional holdings, and pensions, coupled with a more diverse range of trading services and instruments, mirroring the evolution of traditional finance."
 U.S. services sector activity slowed in November after posting big gains in recent months but remained above levels consistent with solid economic growth in the fourth quarter.
The Institute for Supply Management survey on Wednesday also showed businesses are worried about potential tariffs on imports from President-elect Donald Trump's incoming administration, warning of higher prices. Economists have echoed similar sentiments. Trump has said he would impose a 25% tariff on all products from Mexico and Canada and an additional 10% tariff on goods from China on his first day in office.
Nonetheless, the economy's outlook remains favorable. The Federal Reserve's Beige Book report on Wednesday showed that while economic activity increased slightly in most U.S. central bank districts in November, businesses were optimistic that demand would rise in the months ahead.
Fed Chair Jerome Powell was also upbeat on the economy, saying at a New York Times event that "it's in remarkably good shape."
"Many businesses fled to the sidelines in terms of capital spending plans in advance of the election," said Stephen Stanley chief U.S. economist at Santander U.S. Capital Markets. "I am generally optimistic about the medium-to-long-term outlook for business investment, but firms are likely to take their time before reengaging, waiting to see the details of tax, regulatory, and trade policy from the incoming administration."
The ISM said its nonmanufacturing purchasing managers index slipped to 52.1 last month after surging to 56.0 in October, which was the highest level since August 2022.
Economists polled by Reuters had forecast the services PMI would ease to 55.5. A PMI reading above 50 indicates growth in the services sector, which accounts for more than two-thirds of the economy. The ISM views PMI readings above 49 over time as generally indicating an expansion of the overall economy.
The economy appears to have retained its momentum from the third quarter, with consumer spending rising at a brisk clip in October. Spending likely remained strong in November as auto sales surged last month. Construction spending also picked up in October, though business spending on equipment likely softened.
The Atlanta Fed is currently forecasting gross domestic product will rise at a 3.2% annualized rate this quarter. The economy grew at a 2.8% pace in the third quarter.
Despite the moderation in services PMI, more businesses reported growth last month relative to October. Among the 14 industries reporting expansion were wholesale trade, finance, and insurance as well as construction and utilities. Only three industries, including mining, reported contraction.
Tariffs were top of mind for several businesses. Some in the construction industry said while they expected an increase in homebuilding, "the unknown effect of tariffs clouds the future." Others in the information sector feared that "tariffs will affect prices for electronics and components in 2025."
Similar sentiments were expressed by some providers of professional, scientific, and technical services, who warned of a negative impact on inventories and higher prices in the hospital supply chain, adding that "what we saw during COVID-19 with startup U.S. production is a warning sign."
Others in the transportation and warehousing industry said they were "holding capital projects until the (Trump) cabinet is complete."
The ISM survey's new orders measure fell to 53.7 from 57.4 in October. Still, domestic demand remains solid.
ISM services PMI
ISM services PMI

STRONG AUTO SALES

Data late on Tuesday showed motor vehicle sales increased to a seasonally adjusted annualized rate of 16.5 million units in November, the highest level since May 2021, from a pace of 16 million units in October. Oxford Economics estimated that the rise left consumer spending, adjusted for inflation, on track to exceed a 3% growth pace this quarter.
Consumer spending, which accounts for more than two-thirds of the economy, grew at a 3.5% rate in the third quarter.
Stocks on Wall Street traded higher. The dollar slipped against a basket of currencies. U.S. Treasury yields fell.
"Some of the increase in vehicle sales over the past couple of months is inflated because of replacement demand following the recent hurricanes," said Ryan Sweet, chief U.S. economist at Oxford Economics. "We expect this support to fade in December and the road ahead for vehicle sales is paved by fundamentals. The good news is that fundamentals will remain decent."
Historically low layoffs and solid wage gains as well as high household net worth are driving consumer spending.
The survey's prices paid measure for services inputs was little changed at 58.2. Rising prices for services like transportation, financial services and insurance have stalled progress in lowering inflation to the Fed's 2% target.
The survey's measure of services employment slipped to 51.5 from 53.0 in October. This measure has not been a good predictor of services payrolls in the government's closely watched employment report.
Economists were equally dismissive of the release on Wednesday of the ADP National Employment Report, which showed moderate private payrolls gains in November, citing methodology differences with the Labor Department's employment data.
Nonfarm payrolls are expected to have accelerated in November after almost stalling amid disruptions from Hurricanes Helene and Milton as well as strikes by factory workers at Boeing (BA.N), opens new tab and another aerospace company.
Payrolls likely increased by 200,000 jobs in November after rising by only 12,000 in October, the lowest number since December 2020, a Reuters survey showed.
"The picture is one of still substantial increases in jobs by a fast-growing economy, but a slowing trend in job creation," said Carl Weinberg, chief economist at High Frequency Economics.
ADP
ADP

Reporting by Lucia Mutikani; Editing by Chizu Nomiyama and Paul Simao

Business activity across the eurozone fell sharply last month as the bloc's dominant services sector joined the manufacturing sector in contracting, according to a survey which showed a broadbased decline.
HCOB's final composite Purchasing Managers' Index for the currency union, compiled by S&P Global and seen as a good gauge of overall economic health, sank to 48.3 in November from 50.0 in October.
That was slightly ahead of a 48.1 preliminary estimate but still firmly below the 50 mark separating growth from contraction.
"The services sector, which had been holding up the overall economy, is now shrinking for the first time since January. This is bad news for overall growth prospects, especially since this weakness is seen across the top-three euro economies," said Cyrus de la Rubia, chief economist at Hamburg Commercial Bank.
A PMI covering the services industry fell last month to 49.5 from 51.6, its first sub-50 reading since January.
Suggesting no imminent turnaround, overall demand fell steeply, with the composite new business index dropping to 46.8 from 47.9, its lowest reading this year.
Despite that fall, services firms stepped up hiring, with the employment index rising to 51.0 from 50.3.

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